The indirect and often impersonal verbs of conjugation class III come in different conjugations, which are described below. Most of these verbs have distinct forms only for the present-group tenses, whereas the forms for the aorist- and perfect-group tenses are often borrowed from related Class-I and Class-II verbs (see example in ჰყავს/ყოლა). So be prepared to see a greater variaty of forms in the conjugations of the Class-III verbs here!
In these verbs, the subject is always in dative and the object in nominative; making their conjugation a bit easier.
In the class-III verbs there are five conjugations:
- Class-III -ა Verbs,
- Class-III -ია Verbs,
- Class-III -ს Verbs,
- Class-III -ება Verbs,
- Class-III -ევა Verbs.
1. Class-III verbs on -ა
These Verbs are lacking the Aorist and Optative.
Future -ა/-ათ |
Aorist -- |
Perfect -ებია/-ებიათ |
Imperfect -ოდა/-ოდათ |
Optative -- |
Pluperfect -ებოდა/-ებოდათ |
Example: | სცივა |
Examples: უნდა (ნდომა), სტკივა, სცივა. Chotiwari-Jünger et al. (2010): Table 3.58 (სცივა).
2. Class-III -ია Verbs
Future pv-ია |
Aorist -ა/-ათ |
Perfect -ია |
Imperfect -ოდი/-ოდა |
Optative -ოს/-ოთ or -დეს/-დეთ |
Pluperfect -ოდა |
Example: | სწყურია |
Examples: ეშინია, სშია, სწყურია, უხარია/გახარება, ჰქვია. Chotiwari-Jünger et al. (2010): Table 3.56 (სწყურია) and p. 141 (უხარია).
- Or with -ა/-ათ aorist and -ას/-ათ optative (and lacking the imperfect: აბია, აკლია, აცვია, უკიდია, უსვია. #3.53
- More rarely with aorist and optative -ო/-ოთ: შეუძლია Chotiwari-Jünger et al. (2010): Table 3.54 (შეუძლია).
3. Class-III -ს Verbs
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